The holy Prophet (Sallallahu Alaihe Wasallam) has advised to be gentle with good character while preaching Islam

By Dr.Faizan Ahmed Azizi

 

Islam has always advised gentleness and positive approach while preaching religion, because one’s heart cannot be transformed by force. The holy Prophet (Sallallahu Alaihe Wasallam) has advised to be gentle while preaching. The holy Quran states:

1.‘Call to the way of your Lord with wisdom and good admonition and argue with them in a way that is best. No doubt, your Lord knows well who has strayed from His way and He knows well those who are guided.’(Al Nahl verse 125)

2.‘And abuse not those whom they worship beside Allah because they will commit rudeness in respect of Allah through their excessiveness and ignorance. Thus We have made fair the deeds of every nation in their eyes, then they have to return back towards their Lord and He will tell them what they used to do.’( Al Anaam verse 108)

3.‘And good and evil will not be equal O listener, repel the evil with good, then he between whom and you there was enmity will become as though he was your warm friend.’

(Hamim Sajdah verse 34)

In the above mentioned verses Allah Almighty commands to preach the way of truth with gentle ways and means, so how can the followers of Islam defy this order. In verse no. 2 Allah almighty himself prohibits the faithful to desist from abusing the deities of other religion. Perhaps, no other religion sets such high standards of tolerance. This is because Islam has come to eradicate strife and sedition and to spread peace and harmony, but alas! The enemies of Islam still criticize the holy Prophet (Sallallahu Alaihe Wasallam) and show disrespect to the places of worship of Muslims. Hence, it is impossible for Muslims to demolish other people’s places of worship. History bears witness to the fact, that Muslims have never demolished other places of worship even after their triumph but maintained the status quo and allowed free religious practice in their kingdom.

                                                                                    Published in Divine vision magazine second edition

Hazrat Fatima - Head of women in Paradise

Hazrat Fatima - Head of women in Paradise

By Dr.Faizan Ahmed Azizi

Published in Divine Vision Magazine Second Edition

According to the Islamic Calendar, Fatima Al-Zahra (R.A) was born in Makkah on the 20th day of the Islamic Lunar Calendar month, Jumada Al-Thani (615 AD), five years after the declaration of the message of Islam by Prophet Muhammad (saw) and three years after Isra and Miraj (Night journey and ascension of Prophet Muhammad (saw) to heaven) and eight years before Hijrah (migration of Prophet Muhammad (saw) from Makkah to Medina).  Her name is Fatimah and her other names are: Zahra, Seddiqah, Tahirah, Mubarakah, Batool, Radiah, Mardiah and Muhaddathah. The word Fatimah means separated. She is named Fatimah because her followers are separated from the Hell because of her. Zahra means luminous. Sixth Imam, Imam Sadiq (R.A) said: "When Fatimah prayed, she shined for the heavens as the stars shine for people on earth." Seddiqah means someone who says nothing except the truth. Tahirah means pure and clean, Mubarakah means full of favour and blessing, Batool means separated from uncleanness and Radiah means satisfied with Allah's (SWT) fate and destiny and Mardiah means laudable. Muhaddathah means the one spoken to by angels. The following are some of her titles: Ensiah (heavenly lady), Haniah (sympathetic), Shahidah (martyr), Afifah (chaste), Sabirah (patient), Alimah (learned), Madhloomah (oppressed), Ma'soomah (infallible), Umm al-Hassan (mother of Hassan), Umm al-Hussain (mother of Hussain), Umm al-A'immah (mother of Imams) and Umme Abiha. 

Fatima is a part of Holy Prophet (Peace be upon him)

Prophet Mohammed (saw) has said, "Fatima is part of me, whoever harms her, harms me." Prophet Mohammed (saw) has also said, "Fatima is part of me, whoever disappoints her, disappoints me."

In these traditions, the statement that 'Fatima is part of me', has an in-depth meaning. It shows that Fatema Zahra (R.A) is not only the daughter of Rahmatul Lil Aalameen (Mercy to all the Worlds); No wonder that where Prophet Mohammed (saw) declared Fatima (R.A) as part of himself, he (saw) also announced, "Verily my daughter Fatima is the leader of the women of the worlds."

Pure noble lady Khadijah bint Khuwaylid (sa) and Prophet Muhammad (saw) bestowed all their natural love, care and devotion on their lovable child Fatima Al-Zahra (R.A), who in her turn was extremely fond of her parents.

As a daughter, Fatima Al-Zahra (R.A) loved her parents so much that she won their love and regard. The behavior of Prophet Muhammad (saw) toward his daughter Fatima Al-Zahra (R.A) was special. Prophet Muhammad (saw) showed unique respect to his dear daughter; whenever Fatima Al-Zahra (R.A) came to see him, he (saw) welcomed her, stood up to show respect and even kissed her hand and made her sit at his own place. On every occasion that Prophet Muhammad (saw) decided to go on a journey, Fatima Al-Zahra (R.A) was the last one to whom he (saw) bade farewell, and as soon as he (saw) came back from his trip, Fatima Al-Zahra (R.A) was the first one whom Prophet Muhammad (saw) visited.

Ayesha, the wife of Messenger of Allah (saw), spoke about this physical, spiritual and moral relationship: "Never have I seen anyone more like the Messenger of Allah (saw) in his solemn way of standing and sitting, more than Fatimah, may Allah (SWT) grant her more honor. When she (Fatimah) came in to see him, he (Messenger of Allah) would rise to his feet, take her hand, kiss her and seat her where he was seated. And when he came to see her, she would stand up, take his hand, kiss him and seat him where she was seated."

Ayesha, the wife of Messenger of Allah (saw), was also reported to have said: "Never have I seen anyone resembling Prophet of Allah, in his way of speaking and talking, better than Fatimah."

The highest degree of humanity is Infallibility, where the consent and anger is based solely upon the anger and consent of Allah (SWT). An infallible person shows content to whatever Allah (SWT) is content with, and shows anger to whatever angers Allah (SWT). Fatima Al-Zahra (R.A) is one whom the Almighty Allah is content when she is satisfied, and is angry when she is angry. This position has astonished many people.

Prophet Muhammad (saw) demonstrated to the people the lofty status of women in Islam. One day when a person asked Prophet Muhammad (saw) as to why he showed such respect to his daughter, he (saw) was told: "You do not know Fatima. She has the fragrance of paradise. Do you know that Allah (SWT) is pleased when Fatima is pleased and Allah (SWT) is displeased if Fatima is displeased?"

Fatima Al-Zahra (R.A) was virtue personified. In fact, she is considered the greatest lady that ever graced Planet Earth. Whatever Prophet Muhammad (saw) said about her was to make people aware of her position and status that would serve as an example for women of all time.

Messenger of Allah (saw), who spoke only what was revealed to him, told her that she [Fatima Al-Zahra (R.A) was the chief and the best of women: "Won't you be pleased to the chief of believers' women and the chief of the women of this Ummah (Nation)?"

To acquaint the Muslims with Fatima Al-Zahra (R.A) and her high rank, he (saw) said to them: "The best women of Paradise are Khadijah, daughter of Khuwailid, Fatimah, daughter of Muhammad, Maryam, daughter of Imran, and Asiyah, daughter of Muzahim, the wife of Fir'on (Pharaoh)."

Life of Hazrat Fatima Fatima Al-Zahra (R.A) was very intelligent, accomplished and cheerful. She had inherited the genius and wisdom, determination and willpower, the piety and sanctity, the generosity and benevolence, the devotion and worship of Allah (SWT) as well as other great qualities like self-sacrifice and hospitality, forbearance and patience, and the knowledge and nobility of disposition from her illustrious father, Prophet Muhammad (saw), both in words and deeds. Her generosity and compassion for the poor was such that no destitute or beggar ever returned from her door unattended. Migration When the migration took place, Fatima was left in Makka with the rest of the Family which included her step mother Umme Salama, Ali’s (R.A) mother Fatima binte Asad and many others. Ali (R.A) was in charge of the family. He stayed in Makka for another 3 days to give back the deposits to the Makkans who entrusted these to the Prophet for safe keeping. After fulfilling this duty Ali (R.A) brought the family to Madina Marriage The marriage of Hazrate Sayyida Fatima (R.A) to Hazrat Ali (R.A) had taken place in the year 2 AH. It was a simple ceremony which took place with a lot of dignity. The Beloved Prophet (S.A.W) ordered Hazrat Anas (R.A) to invite Hazrat Abu Bakr, Umar, Usman, Abdur-Rahman bin Auf and the other Ansaar and Muhaajireen(R.A's, and when all had gathered, delivered a Khutba, performed the Nikah (Marriage) and gave Hazrate Sayyida Fatima (R.A) the following items; a small blanket, a bed-stand, a quilt, a leather bag for water, two pulleys and two jugs made of clay. Hazrat Haarith bin Numaan (R.A) there after presented Rasoolullah (S.A.W) with a house of his, for Hazrate Sayyida Fatima (R.A) and Hazrat Ali (R.A) to live in. When she entered her new home after marriage, Rasoolullah (S.A.W) visited her (R.A) after Isha Salah. Holy Prophet (S.A.W) requested water in a dish, gargled His blessed mouth with it and sprinkled it on the shoulders and chest of Hazrat Ali (R.A) and Fatima (R.A)thereafter making the following Dua; “O Allah (S.W.T)! I hand over Fatima, Ali and their children (R.A) in your protection. Indeed they are saved from the mischief of Shaitaan.” (Zarqaani) Children Hazrat Hassan(R.A) was born in the 3rd year of Hijra, Hussain(R.A) was born in the 4th year of Hijra, Zainab was born in the 6th year of Hijra, Umme Kulsoom was born in the 7th year of Hijra. It was in the same house that the famous Verse of Purification (Sura 33.Verse 33) was revealed on the Holy Prophet and its narration by Fatima has become so famous that it is read in every muslim house as Hadith-e-Kisa. The Reading of this Hadith brings blessings to the household.(Tafseer-e- Kabir by Al-Razi). Fatima (A), the daughter:             She loved and cared for her father and attended to him when he was ill or injured in one of the battles to defend Islam. After the death of her mother, Hazrat Khadija, she attended to the Prophet (SAW) even more often and consoled him during times of hardship, so much so that he called her "Ummi Abiha” which means "mother of her father."  She would see the enemies cursing Prophet Muhammad (saw) or even hurting him physically. Nevertheless, she had understood the new situation and despite her young age she had realized that supporting her father, Prophet Muhammad (saw) was of her new responsibilities. Hence, she became a great contributor and supporter of Islam and Prophet Muhammad (saw). Once she saw a number of people had gathered around in Masjid al-Haram to plan the murder of Prophet Muhammad (saw). Fatima Al-Zahra (R.A) returned home with tearful eyes, and told her father about the plan; as a result the enemies had failed to carry out their plan. At another time, one of the polytheists, who had apparently come to visit Prophet Muhammad (saw), threw dirt and garbage on Prophet Muhammad (saw). Prophet Muhammad (saw), owner of the greatest morality, acted as if nothing had happened, forgave him, and returned home. When Fatima Al-Zahra (R.A) saw what had happened to her father, ran to him with some water and washed his father's head and face. She began to cry at the harsh act the enemies had done to her father, but Prophet Muhammad (saw) told her: "O my daughter! Do not cry. Be sure that Allah (SWT) will protect your father from all evils and will make him successful in his mission." At another incident, when some polytheist poured the waste of a slaughtered Camel and sheep on Prophet Muhammad (saw) during his prostration, again, it was Fatima Al-Zahra (sa) who went to help Prophet Muhammad (saw) with love. She helped her father clean the waste, and with her act caressed her father's soul. The Prophet (SAW) used to stand up to receive her when she visited him. It was clearly against the Arab custom for a father to stand up for his daughter. This shows the high spiritual status accorded to Fatima by Allah swt.   It is related that Anas bin Malik’s mother said: “Fatima was like a moon on its full night, or the sun covered by no clouds. She was white (fair) with a touch of rose color on her face, her hair was black and she had the beautiful features of the Messenger of Allah (SAW).” (Mustadrak Al-Hakim)   Qandozi reported that Hazrat Aisha said: “Whenever the Prophet (SAW) returned from a trip, he would kiss Fatima’s throat and say: ‘From her, I do smell the fragrance of Paradise.’”  Moral virtues and Simplicity of Fatema Zahra (R.A) Fatema Zahra (R.A) lived in a two room house made out of clay, wore the simplest garments from head to toe, grinded wheat and barley with her bare hands to prepare meal for her family, and attended to her four children with utmost love and mercy. Yet, she was no ordinary woman. Fatema Zahra (R.A) had high moral virtues and her life is full of spiritual behaviour. Even on her marriage day, Fatema Zahra (R.A) did not forget about those in need. A girl's wedding dress is probably one of her most cherished belongings. However, in the case of the noble Lady Fatema Zahra (R.A) it is not. Prophet of Islam, Mohammed (saw) bought Fatema Zahra (R.A) a new dress for her marriage ceremony. Fatema Zahra (R.A) owned a patchy dress before. A poor woman came to her house and asked for a used cloth. Fatema Zahra (R.A) decided to give her the old patchy dress as the woman had asked but remembered the verse: "By no means shall you attain to righteousness until you spend (benevolently) out of what you love." (Noble Qur'an, 3:92) So she gave her the new wedding dress, while she wore her old dress to her wedding. When asked by Prophet of Islam, Mohammed (saw) why she did not donate her old dress, Fatema Zahra (R.A) replied "Because she followed the teachings of Noble Qur'an. The lesson of selfless love and helping those in need remains clear in every story. It was in the same house where this blessed family fasted for three days continuously without eating any food giving away their Iftari to a beggar, an orphan and a prisoner who arrived at their door and asked for food. The Verse in Sura Dahr revealed in praise of their extremely charitable act in the way of Allah Hazrat Fatima Zahra (R.A) on the Prayer Rug of Servitude The quality of her devotion to Allah (SWT) was incomparable; as Fatimah Zahra (R.A) worshiped Allah (SWT) in every moment of her life and worship was rooted in her daily life. Her deeds, words, glances, efforts, breaths and all of her day and night were worships. Every night, Fatimah Zahra's (R.A) home was her prayer rug; after putting the children to bed and finishing the housework, she stood for praying so long so that her feet were sore and swollen.

Tasbeeh of Hazrat Fatima Zahra (R.A)

Prophet Muhammad's (pbuh) whole life was shaped by thoughts of the hereafter. Prophet Muhammad (pbuh) loved his children, but not in any worldly way. Fatimah Zahra (pbuh) used to run her house without much help; Prophet Muhammad (pbuh) could see how hard his daughter worked at home. Imam Ali ibn Talib (R.A) Fatimah Zahra's husband, once told Ibn Wahid a story about Prophet Muhammad's (pbuh) most beloved daughter. Imam Ali ibn Talib (R.A) said, Fatimah Zahra's (R.A) hands were blistered from constant grinding; her neck had become sore from carrying water; her clothes would become dirty from sweeping the floor. When Prophet Muhammad (pbuh) had received an influx of servants from some place, Imam Ali ibn Talib (R.A) suggested to his wife that she approach her father and ask for a servant. Fatimah Zahra (R.A) went, but could not speak to Prophet Muhammad (pbuh) because of the people who were surrounding him. Next day, Prophet Muhammad (pbuh) came to their house, and asked Fatimah Zahra (R.A) as to why she wanted to see him. Imam Ali ibn Talib (as) told the whole story to Prophet Muhammad (pbuh), and said that Fatimah Zahra (pbuh) went to him on his advice. "Fear Allah (SWT), Fatimah," Prophet Muhammad (pbuh) said, "Fulfill your obligations to the Lord, and continue with your housework." Then, Prophet Muhammad (pbuh) said he would give her something that would be better than a helper or anything else she wished in this world, this is when Prophet Muhammad (pbuh) gives Fatimah Zahra (R.A) the gift of this Tasbih/Tasbeeh and its is known as Tasbih/Tasbeeh of Fatimah Zahra (R.A) And said when you go to bed at night, read the following: 34 times - Allahu Akbar (Allah is the Greatest) 33 times - Alhamdulillah (Praise be to Allah) 33 times - Subhan Allah (Glory be to Allah) This would be much better than having a servant. "If that is the will of Allah (SWT) and His Prophet Muhammad (pbuh)," Fatimah Zahra (pbuh) replied "then so be it." This was Prophet Muhammad's (pbuh) only reply. Prophet Muhammad (pbuh) did not provide her a servant. This Tasbeeh is recommended to be read after every Namaz/Salah. The Salah is like a beautiful flower and the Tasbih of Fatimah Zahra (R.A) gives that beautiful flower a beautiful fragrance. So after every Salah we should say the Tasbih/Tasbeeh of Fatimah Zahra (R.A) because we want our Salah to be like a beautiful flower with a beautiful fragrance. Demise of Hazrat Fatima(R.A) When the holy prophet (peace be upon him) was ill and near to pass away Hazrat Fatima (R.A) was crying  that time holy prophet (peace be upon him) said to Hazrat Fatima (R.A) “don’t cry you will be the firs person who will meet me first. The demise of the Holy Prophet (s.a.w) affected her very much and she was very sad grief-stricken and wept her heart out crying all the time. Before her demise she bequeathed the following as her will to Imam 'Ali (R.A) 1. O 'Ali you will personally perform my funeral rites. 2. My corpse should be carried to her graveyard at night. Allama Jalaluddin Suyuti said in his book Tarikul Khulfa  under the description of Hazrat Abu Bakr(R.A) page 141 at the age of 24th Hazrat Fatima (R.A) was pass away on 11th AH (632 AD). Thus Imam 'Ali (R.A) in compliance with her will, performed all the funeral rites and accompanied exclusively by her relatives and sons carried her at night to Jannatu'l-Baqi Medina, where she was laid to rest and her wished fulfilled

Hazrat Fatima(R.A) was a symbol of womanhood in Islam. How a daughter, a wife and a mother should behave in their ordinary lives. She was devoted to her father, looked after him when he was in distress by the hands of the non-believers of Makka, she was the exemplary wife, queen of her household yet fair to her maid servant Fizza to divide household chores between herself and the maid servant, she was a devout wife and the most loving mother to her children.

There were occasions when there was no food for the family, but she would never complain. Once Hazrat Ali(R.A) went out to do some work to get food for the family but returned empty handed. Fatima asked  Hazrat Ali(R.A) what happened to the food. HazratAli(R.A) said that he did earn some money and bought food, but while on his way home he met some poor hungry persons and gave away all the food to them. When the Prophet heard of this situation he brought some food for the family and told them that Ali’s charitable act was of the greatest value in the eyes of Allah.

The whole family was thankful to Allah and there were no complaints against anyone.

Battle of Badar-The Most Decisive Battle between Truth & Falsehood

Battle of Badar-The Most Decisive Battle between Truth & Falsehood

By Dr.Faizan Ahmed Azizi

Published in Divine Vision Magazine Second Edition

Relations between Muhammad (Peace be upon him) and the Makkan establishment went from bad to worse. Life in Makkah was becoming difficult for the Muslims. The growing oppression and tortures of the Kuffar became unbearable. The Muslims were prevented from worshiping Allah. Consequently, Allah, the Exalted, revealed orders to migrate. The Prophet (Peace be upon him) and his companions secretly planned to escape the watchful disbelievers, who intended to kill the Prophet and his companions in their own homeland and thus bring an end to the religion of Islam. But Allah, the Exalted, aided His Messenger (Peace be upon him) to immigrate to al-Medina. This carefully planned and prudent escape of Allah's Messenger (Peace be upon him) and the Sahabah created great anxiety and rancor in the hearts of the disbelievers. The Makkans seized all the property left behind by the Muslims when they had migrated to Madinah.

Reasons for battle

In Ramadaan 2 A.H., the Prophet (Peace be upon him) was informed that Abu Sufyan (who was still a disbeliever and later accepted Islam), was traveling for trade from Syria. He was approaching Makkah with 50 thousand gold Deenaar guarded by 40 men.

While escaping from Makkah, the Muslims were forced to leave behind all their wealth and possession. The Prophet (Peace be upon him) saw this caravan as an opportunity to get back some of their wealth. He (Peace be upon him) called for his companions and marched towards the main road leading to Makkah and turned towards Badr. His (Peace be upon him) intent was only to capture the wealth and not war. But Allah, the Exalted, in His Great Wisdom, willed for them to fight. The leader of the caravan, Abu Sufyan bin Harb, heard that a large band of Muslims had left Medina. He prudently turned the caravan west to the coast, avoiding the most likely ambush point at Badr entirely. Abu Sufyan also sent a message to Mecca to ask for reinforcements.

Assurance from the Ansar:

When the Messenger of Allah heard that the Quraysh had set out from Makkah to stop the Muslims, he consulted his Companions. He was concerned about the Ansar because their original homage included the condition that they only defend him in their home territory. Since he resolved to leave Madinah, he wanted to know where they stood The Muhajirun assured him of their support, but he consulted them a second time, and then a third time. The Ansar fully understood the reason why he was concerned about them. Sa’d ibn Mu’adh replied,

‘It seems that you are alluding to us. Perhaps you fear that the Ansar do not think that they have to help you outside their own territory. I speak for the Ansar and answer for them. Go where you wish, join whom you wish and cut off whom you wish. Take what you wish from our property and give us what you wish. What you take from us is dearer than what you leave. Whatever you command, we will follow it. By Allah, if you were to travel until you reached Bark Ghamdan, we would go with you. By Allah, if you were to cross this sea, we would plunge into it with you.’ Al-Miqdad said, ‘We do not say to you what the people of Musa said to Musa: “Go forth you and your Lord and do battle. We will be waiting here. “(5: 24) we will do battle on your right and on your left and in front of you and behind you.’

When the Messenger of Allah heard this, his face shone with happiness ‘Be Steadiest!’ he said to his Companions.

The Battle of Badr

When the Meccans heard about Prophet Muhammad's (peace be upon him) army, they sent out their own army of 900-1000 men to guard the precious camel train. Many of the city's rich merchants, those with something to lose if Prophet Muhammad's (peace be upon him) made off with the caravan, joined the army themselves. They reasoned that such a huge force might scare the Muslims off, and dissuade them from future attacks.

While the two armies were each a day's march away from the wells at Badr, some of Muhammad's advance scouts captured two Meccan scouts, who revealed how close the city's army had come. The Meccans also told Prophet Muhammad's (peace be upon him) of the wealthy notables among the approaching force. Shocked at how quickly the Meccans had come, and eager for a chance to humble some of his most vociferous critics in person, Prophet Muhammad's (peace be upon him) marched his small army double-fast to the oasis. They camped there in the Badr valley the night of March 14, 624.

At the same time that the Muslims were preparing for a show-down, the Meccan army got word that the caravan was safely beyond Muhammad's reach. Two of the Meccan clans decided that they had achieved their objective, and turned back toward their homes. The greater mass of the Meccan army decided to press on to Badr, however. In their minds, the two armies were now too close to retire honorably without a fight.

Muhammad, who got to the oasis first, ordered his men to fill in all of the wells except for that closest to Mecca. If the Meccan army wanted water, they would have to fight him for it. On the morning of March 15, the Meccan army advanced to the oasis of Badr. They were shocked to find the Muslims arrayed and waiting for them.

Preparation for Battle:

A shelter was built for the Messenger of Allah on a small hill overlooking the battlefield. He went down to the battlefield and began to point with his hand, saying, ‘So-and-so will die here. So-and-so will die here. So-and-so will die here if Allah wills.’ None of those people went any further than where he had pointed.

When the idol-worshippers appeared and the two groups confronted one another, the Messenger of Allah said, ‘O Allah, this is the Quraysh who have come with their vanity and their pride. They have come to fight You and deny Your Messenger.’

It was the night of Friday, 17 Ramadan. In the morning, the Quraysh advanced in their squadrons and the two groups took up positions ready for battle.

Supplication and Entreaty:

The Messenger of Allah organised the ranks and returned to his shelter. He and Abu Bakr went inside. The Messenger of Allah prayed. He asked for the help of Allah Whose judgement cannot be turned aside and Whose decree cannot be averted. There is no help but from Allah. He said, ‘O Allah, if You let this group of men die, no one after them will worship You on the earth.’

He called out to his Lord, ‘O Allah, give me the help which You promised me.’

He raised his hands to the sky until the cloak fell from his shoulders. Abu Bakr consoled and comforted him.

Before the battle began, three noble men of Quraish, namely: Otbah bin Rabi'a, and his brother Sheibah, and his son Waleed ask the Muslims to fight a duel with them. Three of the Ansar but they said, saying: "O Muhammad, bring forward our equivalent counterparts our cousins", so the Prophet "peace be upon him" called on Ubaidah ibn al-Harith and Hamza Bin Abdul Muttalib, and Ali bin Abi Talib Hamza encountered Sheibah in the combat and killed him, and Ali encountered Al-Walid and killed him, then Obaidah combated with Utbah, and they wounded each other, so both Hamzah and Ali attacked Otbah and killed him, and the war became intense and raging. God supplied the Muslims with angels to fight with them, and the Qur'an said:

Yes, if you remain steadfast and persist in Godwariness, and these (unbelievers) suddenly attack you with (full) force, then your Lord will come to your aid with five thousand angels distinctly marked. (Sureh Al-i-Imran 3: 125)

A CLEAR VICTORY:
When the victory of the Muslims and the defeat of the idol-worshippers became clear, the Messenger of Allah said, ‘Allah is greater! Praise belongs to Allah Who was true to His promise, helped His slave and defeated the parties alone.’

Allah certainly spoke the truth when He said: ‘Allah surely helped you at Badr when you were utterly abject. So fear Allah and perhaps you will be thankful.’ (3: 123)

The Messenger of Allah ordered the Quraysh dead to be thrown into a well. Then he stood over it and said, ‘O people of the well! Have you found what Allah promised you to be true? I have certainly found that what my Lord promised me is true.’

Thus, the battle ended in victory for Muslims and they defeat of the infidels, and seventy of the infidels were killed while seventy others were taken as prisoners. . The Martyrs among the Muslims were fourteen, and Muslims have thrown the dead bodies of the infields into one big hole. As for the prisoners, the Messenger took 4000 Dirham for each prisoner of war in compliance with the advice of Abu Bakr. However, the prisoner who did not have the redemption was given ten of the Muslim boys to teach them reading and writing.

The Return to Medina

 And then the prophet left victoriously and triumphantly, along with the prisoners and loots. When he arrived at Al-Safra'a, he divided the loots and beheaded Al-Nadar ibn Al-Harith bin Caldah, and when he arrived at Irq-Dbayeh, he beheaded Oqbah ibn Abi Meit. The Prophet then entered Madinah successful and victorious, causing fear to every enemy in Madinah and its surroundings, and many people embraced Islam, and it was then that Abdullah bin Ubai Al-Munafiq and his companions have entered in Islam with pretense.

Redemption of Prisoners:

The Prophet gave freedom to the prisoners and released them on condition that anyone who knows writing, reading would teach 10 of the illiterate Muslims.

Martyrs of Battle of Badr

 •        A Amir Ibn Abi Waqas

 •        Zul Shamalein bin Abd Amr

 •        Safwan bin Wahab

•        Mahja'a Bin Saleh.

 •        Aqil bin Al-Bakeer

 •        Ubaidah ibn Al-Harith

 •        S.a'ad bin Kaithamah

 •        Mubashir   bin Abdul Monzir

 •        Haritha bin Suraqa

•        R.afie ben A-Muallae

 •        Umair bin Al-Hamam

 •        Yazid ibn Al-Harith

 •        Mu'awwaz ibn Al-Harith

 •          Auf bin Al-Harith

The results of battle

The battle of Badr left very important results to Muslims. Here are some of them:

1. The prevalence of Islam

After the battle of Badr, Islam prevailed and Muslims became so powerful morally and materially. This battle was the mother of victories that encouraged Muslims to face courageously the severest wars that their enemies waged against them. It is worth mentioning that when the battle of Badr came to an end, Imam Ali (a.s.) was the real hero that by his sword he harvested the heads of evil and polytheism.

2. The fear of Quraysh

The victory of Muslims in the battle of Badr caused a wave of fear and terror in the hearts of the people of Quraysh and the polytheists of the Arabs. Since the tribe of Quraysh was the strongest of the Arabs in power and all other abilities and it was defeated by Muslims, so the other Arab tribes became certain that they would not be able to stand against the Muslims.

3. The sorrow of Quraysh

Quraysh felt great sorrow for the great loss in men and in properties. They concealed their sorrows for fear that the Muslims might rejoice at that. Hind, the wife of Abu Sufyan and mother of Mo’awiya, said addressing her sons, brothers, and other relatives who were killed in this battle, “How can I weep for you that it may reach Muhammad and his companions and so they will rejoice at our loss? No by Allah, until I revenge on Muhammad and his companions. Make-up is impermissible to me until we shall attack Muhammad.” Abu Sufyan also swore that he would never sleep with his wife (until they would avenge).[8] Their poets composed many poems full of deep sorrow and sadness elegizing in them their killed men.

4. The delight of Muslims

On the other hand, the Muslims were joyful and delighted by this great victory in this battle where Allah affirmed their religion and disgraced their enemies. Many of their poets composed famous poems on this occasion.  

Lessons from the Battle of Badr

The Battle of Badr is a great example from our history that teaches; 'victory does not depend on numbers or collecting weapons and shields - Victory is from Allah.'

"How often has a small group overcome a might host by Allah's leave. And Allah is with the patient." [Soorah al-Baqarah (2): 249]

But when the Muslims abandoned the life of righteousness and adopted sins, Allah, the Exalted, snatched away His Blessings from them and they were left to their state of misery. However, even today, if we Muslims were to believe in Allah and put complete trust in Him Alone, then Allah will help the Muslims over the Kuffar. It is the result of our sins that in many parts of the world Muslims are being oppressed by the Kuffar and subjugated to hardships.

Today, if we show willingness to sacrifice our wealth and lives for the sake of Allah, and purely follow the teachings of Allah's Messenger (sallallahu alaihe wa-sallam), Allah will remove our hardships and grant us victory and supremacy over the Kuffar.

Allah says: "Allah has promised those among you who believe and do righteous good deeds, that He will certainly grant them succession to(the present rulers) in the earth, as He granted it to those who before them, and He will grant them the authority to practice their religion that which He has chosen for them (i.e. Islam). And He will surely give them in exchange security after their fear (provided) they (believers) worship Me and do not associate anything (in worship) with Me. But whosoever disbelieves after this, they are the Fasiqun (rebellious, disobedient to Allah)." [Soorah an-Nur (24): 55]

Hazrat Abu Bakr Siddiq- First Chalipha of Islam

Hazrat Abu Bakr Siddiq- First Chalipha of Islam

By Dr.Faizan Ahmed Azizi

Published in Divine Vision Magazine Second Edition

Holy prophet (Peace be upon him) said: Hazrat Abu Bakr except from all Prophets are supreme in all human beings. (Tibrani)

Name and family back ground

Hazrat Abu Bakr, as-Siddiq, (R.A.) was born in 573 A.D. at Mecca. Thus he was two years younger than the Holy prophet (Peace be upon him). He belonged to a respectable and noble family, the Bani Tamim, a branch of Quraish Tribe. H is lineage joins with that of the Holy prophet (Peace be upon him) six generations before. His name was Abdullah. Hazrat Abu Bakr was his patronymic name (or Kuniyah) which became so famous that most of the people did not know his real name. After his conversion to Islam he received the title of "As-Siddiq" (The Truthful). His father's name was 'Uthman who was known by his patronymic name, Abu Qahafah. His mother's name was Salma but she was also known by her patronymic name, Ummul Khair.

Life before Islam

When Hazrat Abu Bakr was 10 years old, he went to Syria along with his father with the merchants' caravan. Prophet Muhammad (Peace be upon him) , who was 12 years old at the time, was also with the caravan. In 591 at the age of 18, Hazrat Abu Bakr went into trade and adopted the profession of cloth merchant, which was the family's business. In the coming years Abu Bakr traveled extensively with caravans. Business trips took him to Yemen, Syria, and elsewhere. These travels brought him wealth and added to his experience. His business flourished and he rose in the scale of social importance. Though his father, Uthman Abu Quhafa, was still alive, he came to be recognized as chief of his tribe.

Like other children of the rich Meccan merchant families, Hazrat Abu Bakr was literate and developed a fondness for poetry. He used to attend the annual fair at Ukaz, and participate in poetical symposia. He had a very good memory and had a good knowledge of the genealogy of the Arab tribes, their stories and their politics.^[1]

A story is preserved that once when he was a child, his father took him to the Kaaba, and asked him to pray before the idols. His father went away to attend to some other business, and Hazrat Abu Bakr was left alone with the idols. Addressing an idol, Hazrat Abu Bakr said "O my God, I am in need of beautiful clothes; bestow them on me". The idol remained indifferent. Then he addressed another idol saying "O God, give me some delicious food. See that I am so hungry". The idol remained cold. That exhausted the patience of young Hazrat Abu Bakr. He lifted a stone, and addressing an idol said "Here I am aiming a stone; if you are a god protect yourself". Hazrat Abu Bakr hurled the stone at the idol and left the Kaaba. Thereafter, he never went to the Kaaba to pray to the idols.^[2] Even before embracing Islam he did not like most of the customs of the days of ignorance and never drank any liquor. Hazrat Abubakr Madhab (Belives) was mwahid mean he was not worshiping idol.

First man to accept Islam

Due to the close observation of Holy prophet (Peace be upon him) character and conduct, Hazrat Abu Bakr (R.A)was a great admirer of the Holy prophet (Peace be upon him). During this period, Hazrat Abu Bakr(R.A) dreamt many dreams which made his heart the hut of love and affection for the Prophet (S.A.W). Sheikh Muhammad Abu Zuhrah, a very renowned and authentic Scholar in Islamic thoughts, in his book “Al-Roze-ul-Anf” mentioned a dream of Hazrat Abu Bakr (R.A):

"Hazrat Abu Bakr (R.A), saw a dream that a moon came over Makkah and every house of the city lit up with its light. The moon broke into pieces and a piece of it dropped into each house, then he (R.A) saw the pieces reuniting into full moon, which descended into his lap."

Hazrat Abu Bakr Siddique (R.A) asked the meanings of the dream from a Scholar from the people of the Book. The Scholar told him that; they were waiting for the Last Prophet to come very soon and the dream reflects that he would be the follower of that Prophet and by his blessings, he would be the most distinguished and blessed person of the world.

Such dreams and the close observation of the good manners of the Holy prophet (Peace be upon him) made Hazrat Abu Bakr (R.A) very anxious to follow the Divine Voice, whom the whole world was awaiting.

Allah (S.W.T) had chosen Hazrat Abu Bakr (R.A), as a special friend of His beloved prophet (Peace be upon him) . Allah (S.W.T) prepared Him mentally to immediately submit before the Holy prophet (Peace be upon him) and assist him in his endeavours to spread the word of Allah(S.W.T).

As soon as the Prophet (S.A.W) proclaimed His Prophethood, Holy prophet (Peace be upon him) invited Hazrat Abu Bakr (R.A) to the Oneness of Allah (S.A.W) and he, without the slightest hesitation, accepted His invitation. Holy Holy prophet (Peace be upon him) himself said: "Whomsoever I invited to Islam, his foot slipped, he felt anxiety and then he started contemplating over it except Abu Bakr, for he neither hesitated nor showed any shyness.(Sabl-ul-Huda Wal-Atshad, Vol.II p.406)

His original name was Abdul Ka'bah but the Holy prophet (Peace be upon him) changed it to Abdullah. Abu Bakr was his surname; the reason behind this name was his innovative virtues and his good manners. His titles include “Siddique” (the truthful) and “Ateeque” (free from hell-fire).

THE CAVE SAUR INCIDENT:

A famous story of Hazrat Abu Bakr Siddique is the one of about Cave Saur (or Ghaar-e-Saur).The night Holy prophet (Peace be upon him), planned to migrate to Madinah, the leaders of Makkah set out to look for him. He informed Hazrat Abu Bakr that they would leave for Madinah that night, and so they set out on their journey.Aware of the fact that the Kufar were on a hunt for him, Holy prophet (Peace be upon him), decided to take an alternative route.

On the way, he and his blessed companion Hazrat Abu Bakr Siddique decided to take shelter in a cave called Cave Saur. Here they hid for 3 days.

Hazrat Abu Bakr (, may Allah be pleased with him) said, as narrated by Umar ibn Khattab, "I swear by Allah that you (the Prophet) will not enter the cave before I have done so, for if there is anything in it, I shall be attacked by it, and not you."
Then he entered the cave and swept it and found some holes in the side of it. He tore up a piece of his garment and plugged the holes with it. As there were still two remaining holes left, he thrust his feet into them and told the Messenger of Allah to enter the cave. When he had done so Holy prophet (Peace be upon him), laid his head on Hazrat Abu Bakr (, may Allah be pleased with him)'s lap and went to sleep.
One of Hazrat Abu Bakr (, may Allah be pleased with him)'s foot was stung by a creature in the hole, but he did not move for fear that he might disturb Holy prophet (Peace be upon him), and wake him up from his sleep. The effect of the poison returned later on in his life, and was said to be the cause of his death.

Hazrat Abu Bakr's slave, Amir bin Fuhairah, tended the flocks of goats near the cave during the day and supplied them fresh milk in the night.On the final day, the Kufar reached the cave that Holy prophet (Peace be upon him), and Hazrat Abu Bakr were in.
Hazrat Abu Bakr Siddique was full of worry for the safety of Holy prophet (Peace be upon him),, and the worry worsened when the Kufar were face to face with the two friends in the cave.But Allah works in wonderful ways; a spider had spun a web across the mouth of the cave which not only helped conceal what was inside the cave, but also decieved the Kufar. They thought the web was old and came to the conclusion that noone had entered the cave in a long time.

Thus, the Kufar ended their search and Holy prophet (Peace be upon him), and his blessed companion proceeded on their journey to Madinah.The exalted status of Hazrat Abu Bakr is such that he is mentioned in the Holy Quran for this incident:
"When the disbelievers drove him Holy prophet (Peace be upon him) out; he had no more than one companion. They were two in the cave. And he said to his companion: "Have no fear for Allah is with us". Then Allah sent down His peace upon him".
- The Holy Quran 9:40

THE SUPERIOR MORAL VALUES OF HAZRAT ABU BAKR IN THE WORDS OF OUR Holy prophet (Peace be upon him)

·         In a hadith from Abu-d Darda related by Bukhari,  Prophet Muhammad (saw) says: "It is certain that Allah sent me to you as a prophet, but some people did not believe. But Abu Bakr said ‘You have spoken the truth!’ and helped me with his life and possessions. You will now leave this dear friend to me with this virtue, will you not?” (Prophet Muhammad (saw) said this twice). (Political, Religious, Cultural and Social Islam, Vol: 1 p: 269-270) 

·         In another hadith related by Abu Huraira, the Messenger of Allah (saw said: "Apart from Abu Bakr, there are none whose goodness we have not repaid. He has done such good things for us that Almighty Allah will repay him on the Day of Reckoning... (A History of Political, Religious, Cultural and Social Islam, Kayihan Press, Hasan Ibrahim Hasan, Ziya Kazic, Ismail Yigit, Abdulkerim Ozaydin, Idris Bostan, Fehamettin Basar Vol: 1, p: 270)

Those who converted to Islam at the insistence of Abu Bakr were:

·         Uthman Ibn Affan (who would became the 3rd Caliph)

·         Al-Zubayr (played a part in the Muslim conquest of Egypt)

·         Talha Ibn Ubayd-Allah

·         Abdur Rahman bin Awf (who would remain an important part of the Rashidun Caliphate)

·         Sa`d ibn Abi Waqqas (played a part in the Islamic conquest of Persia)

·         Abu Ubaidah ibn al-Jarrah (who remained commander in chief of the Rashidun army in Syria )

·         Abu Salama (Abdullah bin Abdul Asad)

·         Khalid ibn Sa`id

·         Abu Hudhaifah ibn al-Mughirah

Abu Bakr's acceptance proved to be a milestone in Prophet Muhammad (saw) mission. Slavery was common in Mecca, and many slaves accepted Islam. When an ordinary free man accepted Islam, despite opposition, he would enjoy the protection of his tribe. For slaves however, there was no such protection and they commonly experienced persecution. Abu Bakr felt compassion for slaves, so he purchased eight slaves (four men and four women) and then freed them, paying 40,000 dinar for their freedom.^[3][4]

The men were

·         Bilal ibn Ribah

·         Abu Fakih

·         Ammar ibn Yasir

·         Abu Fuhayra

The women were:

·         Lubaynah

·         Al-Nahdiah

·         Umm Ubays

·         Harithah bint al-Muammil

Most of the slaves liberated by Abu Bakr were either women or old and frail men.^[31] The father of Abu Bakr asked him to for why doesn't he liberate strong and young slaves who could be a source of strength for him, Abu Bakr replied that he was freeing the slaves for the sake of God, and not for his own sake. According to Sunni tradition the following verses of the Qur'an were revealed due to this:

“He who gives in charity and fears Allah And in all sincerity testifies to the Truth; We shall indeed make smooth for him the path of Bliss”.{92:5–7}.

“Those who spend their wealth for increase in self-purification; And have in their minds no favor from any one For which a reward is expected in return, But only the desire to seek the Countenance, Of their Lord, Most High; And soon they shall attain complete satisfaction”. {92:8–21}.

The Title of "Siddiq"

In the tenth year of his mission, the Holy Holy prophet (Peace be upon him) had the Miraj or Ascension. One night the angel Gabriel AS came with the word that Allah the Almighty wanted the Holy Holy prophet (Peace be upon him) to come all the way up to the highest heaven. The Holy Prophet SAW undertook the journey.In the morning, after the ascension had taken place, the Holy prophet (Peace be upon him) talked to people about the Miraj. This drew the jeers of his enemies.

"Look!" they howled out, "what nonsense he talks! Surely, now his followers too will laugh at him. Who is going to believe in such a midsummer night dream?"

The talk was going on when Hazrat Abu Bakr (RA) came up. "Do you know, Abu Bakr (RA), what news your friend has for you in the morning?" said one of the mean. "He says he was on the highest heaven last night, having a talk with Allah, the Almighty. Would you believe it?"

"I would believe anything that the Messenger of Allah says," replied Abu Bakr (RA)

When the Holy prophet (Peace be upon him) learnt of this, he at once said, "Abu Bakr (RA) is the `Siddiq'." `Siddiq' is a person so sincere of heart that doubts never mar his love. Abu Bakr (RA) earned this title because of his faith was too strong to be shaken by anything.

Imam of Holy Prophet's Mosque

During his sickness, the Holy prophet (Peace be upon him) once felt some relief and went for Zuhr Salat, supported by Hadrat ‘Ali and Hadrat ‘Abbas (R.A.). His face beamed with joy and full satisfaction on seeing Abu Bakr leading the Salat. Sensing the presence of the Holy prophet (Peace be upon him) Abu Bakr wanted to step back but the Holy prophet (Peace be upon him) and sat down by his side. After the Salat the Holy prophet (Peace be upon him) gave his last address: "Allah offered one of His servants the choice of the life on this earth and a life with Him. But the servant accepted the latter". Hearing this tears came out of Abu Bakr's eyes and rolled down to his beard. He thought of the inevitable separation from his Beloved Master (the Holy Prophet). Most of the people did not understand the meaning of Holy Prophet's address and they were surprised at Abu Bakr's crying.

Early in the morning of the last day of his life, the Holy Prophet's condition became suddenly better for a while. As the apartment was just adjoining the Mosque, he raised the curtain and observed the Muslims busy in Salat under the Imamat (leadership) of Hazrat Abu Bakr (R.A.). A smile lit up the pale face of the Holy prophet (Peace be upon him). Seeing the sign of the Holy Prophet's recovery the people in the Mosque lost control over themselves in sheer delight. They might have fallen out of the file but the Holy prophet (Peace be upon him) asked Hadrat Abu Bakr to lead the Salat and he went inside and let the curtain fall

News of the Demises of the Holy prophet (Peace be upon him)

When Hazrat Abu Bakr (R.A.) found the Holy prophet (Peace be upon him) in a better condition in the morning of the last day of his life, he went a few miles outside Medina to meet his wife Hadrat Kharjah bint Zuhair (Radiallahu anha). After hearing the news of the demises of the Holy prophet (Peace be upon him), he immediately returned and saw great rush at the gate of the Mosque. He did not talk to anybody and went straight to Hazrat ‘ A’isha’s apartment where the Holy Corpse was lying. After taking permission he entered the apartment and kissed the Holy Face, tears rolling out of his eyes. Then he remarked, "May my parents be sacrificed for you. I swear by Allah that death will never come twice to you. You have tasted the death which was destined for you and now you will get no other." He covered the Holy Body with a sheet and came to the Mosque.

A multitude of people was crying in the Mosque. Hazrat Umar (R.A.) was in a strong emotional state and was shouting that the Holy prophet (Peace be upon him) had not died. Hazrat Abu Bakr (R.A.) tried to calm him but Umar did not pay any attention to him. Noting the delicacy of the situation, Hazrat Abu Bakr stood in another corner of the Mosque and gave his most effective and historical address. All the people gathered around him. He said:

"O People! If any one of you worshipped Muhammad (Sallallahu 'alaihi wa Sallam) he should bear in mind that Muhammad is dead. But those who worshipped Allah should know that He is Alive and will never die. Allah says in the Holy Qur'an: "Muhammad is only a Messenger of Allah. There came down a number of Messengers before him. Then would you turn back from Islam, if he dies or is killed?"

The address of Hazrat Abu Bakr touched the hearts of the people. Hazrat Umar also cooled down. Hazrat 'Abdullah says, "It seemed that the verse of the Holy Qur'an to which Hazrat Abu Bakr referred was just revealed, although we had recited it several times in the past"

Caliphate of Hazrat Abu Bakr (R.A):

After the demises  of the Holy prophet (Peace be upon him), Hazrat Abu Bakr (R.A) was elected as the Caliph on 8 June 632. On assuming office, in his inaugural address, Hazrat Abu Bakr (R.A) said that he was not the best among them, and needed their advice and help. He held that to tell the truth to a person commissioned to the rule was faithful allegiance, and to conceal it was treason. He declared that in the sight the strong and a weak were to be alike, and he would render justice to all without a fear or favor. He laid down the following criterion for the obedience of the people:
“As I obey Allah and His Prophet obey me: if I neglect the laws of Allah and the prophet, I have no more right to your obedience.”

Two Years of Hazrat Abu Bakr (RA)'s Calpihate

Hazrat Abu Bakr (RA) was Caliph for only two years, three months and ten days. This was a relatively short period of time in the life of people. But during this short period, Hazrat Abu Bakr (RA) was able to do great things for Islam. These achievements have made his name immortal. They have placed him among the greatest men of all time.

 When Hazrat Abu Bakr (RA) took over, Islam was confined to Arabia alone. And here, too its hold was rather shaky. In many parts of the country, Islam was but a name. It was not a way of life with most people. Scores of tribes had thought of the Holy prophet (Peace be upon him) has a mere king. They tried to throw off his yoke as soon as he was no more. Hazrat Abu Bakr (RA) taught these people a lasting lesson. He taught them that Islam was a way of life.

Hazrat Abu Bakr (RA) was able to do this because of his unshakable faith. No difficulties could take him off the path of the Prophet SAW. Usama (RA) might be youthful and inexperienced, but Hazrat Abu Bakr (RA) would not hear a word against him. He was appointed by the Prophet SAW. There might be rising in the country, but Hazrat Abu Bakr (RA) would not put off the expedition to Tabuk. Holy prophet (Peace be upon him) had ordered it.  Hazrat Abu Bakr (RA) stood unequalled in his love for Allah and His Apostle SAW. This was the secret of his unbending strength. It was this inner strength that carried him through the darkest hours of his Caliphate.
 
Hazrat Abu Bakr (RA) was as sincere as he was firm in faith. He lived up to every word of what he said at the beginning of his Caliphate. He was never anything but the faithful agent of Allah and His Apostle, and the humblest servant of his people. It was this fact which won him the deepest love and respect for all classes of his people. The result was that Islam took an unshakable hold on the country of its birth. Soon it gathered enough strength to overlap its boundaries. It struck at the two most feared powers of the time. And lo! it was successful. Hazrat Abu Bakr (RA) had put Islam on the road to worldwide expansion.

 Islam means total submission to the will of Allah. It means that utter absence of all selfishness. The Holy prophet (Peace be upon him) showed by his example how that goal could be reached. He SAW showed how the power of the State should not be used for private ends but for the public good. Hazrat Abu Bakr (RA) was the first among his followers to live up to the Prophet SAW's example. He got no personal gain out of the Caliphate. He spent every minute of the last two years of life in the service of his people, but got not a penny as wages. 

Hazrat Abu Bakr (RA) had several sons and many near relatives. For public offices, he did not choose anyone of them. He rather chose other people who were more fit for public service. He had to nominate his own successor to prevent quarrels. But his choice fell on none of his own relatives. His choice was rather the man whom he honestly believed to be the best among the Companions. All the same, he did not force his choice on people. He put his proposal before the Companions. When they had agreed to it, he put it before the people.

In short, Abu Bakr (RA) showed the world what government of the people, for the people, and by the people really meant. Neither the East nor the West had ever known such a form of government before. The mighty empires of Iran and Byzantium were based upon naked force.

In short Hazrat Abu Bakr (RA) kept going the great work of the Prophet SAW. For that he had to fight hard. He fought with a will and with a faith that amazed everyone. Islam is forever grateful to him for the great services he rendered to it.

Oh Allah continue to raise the rank of Hazrat Abu Bakr RA and let us be amongst his party on the day of Resurrection.  Ameen.

Collection of the Holy Qur'an

One of the greatest services rendered to Islam by Hazrat Abu Bakr (R.A.) was the collection of the Holy Qur'an. There were hundreds of Huffaz (i.e., those who committed the whole Holy Qur'an to memory) among the Companions during the life-time of the Holy prophet (Peace be upon him) but it had not been compiled in book form though its memorisation continued even after the demises of the Holy prophet (Peace be upon him). In various battles which took place against rebels and false prophets, a number of Huffaz Companions were martyred. In the battle against Musailimah al-Khad-dhab about seventy Huffaz had died.

It then occurred to Hazrat Umar (R.A.) that necessary steps should be taken to preserve the Holy Qur'an intact in its original form against every kind of danger and it was not wise to depend exclusively upon those who had learnt it by heart. Therefore, he urged Hazrat Abu Bakr (R.A.) to put it in black and white in the form of a book. Other Companions also agreed with Umar’s opinion but Hazrat Abu Bakr hesitated in the beginning because it was not done by the Holy prophet (Peace be upon him). However after some discussion he agreed to it and appointed Hazrat Zaid bin Thabit (R.A.) for this work who was hesitant at first but later, he changed his mind and started the work. Hazrat Zaid bin Thabit was the best qualified person for this work because he had acted as an amanuensis to the Holy prophet (Peace be upon him), and was one of the Companions who had learnt the Holy Qur'an directly from him. Moreover, he was also present on the occasion when the Holy prophet (Peace be upon him)recited the whole of the completed Holy Qur'an to angel Gabriel. Hazrat Zaid bin Thabit adopted the same order of the various chapters of the Holy Book as was revealed to the Holy prophet (Peace be upon him). In the compilation of the Holy Book a number of prominent Companions assisted him. The compiled copy of the Qur'an was kept in the house of Umm ul-Mu'minin, Hazrat Hafsah (Radiallahu 'Anha) who was one of the wives of the Holy Prophet and daughter of Hazrat Umar. It was proclaimed that anyone, who desired, might make a copy of it or compare with it the copy one already possessed.

During his caliphate Hazrat 'Uthman sent copies of the same compilation of the Holy Qur'an, collected during the period of Hadrat Abu Bakr (R.A.), to various places of his caliphate.

In this way we see that Hazrat Abu Bakr (R.A.) kept doing the great work of his Holy Master (Sallallahu 'alaihi wa Sallam). With unshakeable faith and full courage he had struggled to the utmost. Islam is for ever grateful to its greatest hero, the next to prophets, for the great services he rendered to it. Hazrat Abu Bakr's caliphate lasted for only two years, three months and ten days (according to Islamic calendar).

Hazrat Abu Bakr (RA) Passes Away
On 23 August 634, Hazrat Abu Bakr fell sick and did not recover due to his old age. There are two accounts about the sickness of Hazrat Abu Bakr. One account states that 8 August 634 was a cold day and when Hazrat Abu Bakr took a bath, he caught a chill. Another account indicates that, about a year before, along with some other companions, Hazrat Harith bin Kaladah and Hazrat Attab bin Usaid, he had eaten some poisoned food which did not affect him for a year.

Hazrat Abu Bakr developed high fever and was confined to bed. His illness was prolonged and when his condition worsened he felt that his end was near. Realizing his death was near, he sent for Hazrat Ali (R.A) and requested him to perform his ghusl since Hazrat Ali (R.A) had also done it for Holy Prophet SAW.After an illness of two weeks, Hazrat Abu Bakr (RA) passed away. He was sixty-three at the time. He was buried by the side of the Holy Prophet SAW.

Before his death he said, "Do not use new cloth to cover my dead body. The sheet of cloth I have on will do for me. Wash it clean."

"But this is too old and worn, father," said his daughter Aisha RA.

"This old and worn sheet will do for me," he replied.

On the 7th of Jamadi-ul-Akhir, 13 A.H., Hazrat Abu Bakr (RA) was taken ill. He had severe fever.  Everything was done to bring down the fever, but all in vain. It became clear to the aged Caliph that his end had come.

WIVES AND CHILDREN :
His first wife was Qatilah bint 'Abdul 'Aziz who gave birth to his children by the names of Abdullah and Asma (, may Allah be pleased with him).
His second wife, Umm-i-Ruman gave birth to Hazrat Aisha (, may Allah be pleased with him), the most beloved wife of Rasulallah, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him,, and Abdur Rahman (R A).

Besides these two he also married Hazrat Asma (, may Allah be pleased with him) and Hazrat Habibah (, may Allah be pleased with him.).

CHILDERN:
DAUGHTERS-
(i) Ummul-Mu'mineen Hazrat Aisha (, may Allah be pleased with him)
(ii) Hazrat Asma
(iii) Hazrat Umme Kulthum, born to Habibah after his death.

SONS -
(i) Hazrat Abdullah,
(ii) Hazrat Abdur Rahman
(iii) Hazrat Muhammad.

Legacy

Though the period of his caliphate covers only two years, two months and fifteen days, it included successful invasions of the two most powerful empires of the time: theSassanid Empire and Byzantine Empire.

Abu Bakr had the distinction of being the first Caliph in the history of Islam and also the first Caliph to nominate a successor. He was the only Caliph in the history of Islam who refunded to the state treasury at the time of his death the entire amount of the allowance that he had drawn during the period of his caliphate

He is revered for being the first Muslim ruler to establish:

·         Bayt al-mal

·         The Crown Pasture

He has the distinction of purchasing the land for Al-Masjid al-Nabawi.

Abu Bakr was the foremost genealogist of the Quraysh and was well accomplished at interpreting dreams according to Ibn Sirin.

Abu Bakr as one of al-`Ashara al-Mubasharîn fi-l-Janna (The Ten Promised Paradise) whom Holy Prophet SAW. had testified were destined for Paradise. He is regarded as Khalifa Rasulullah The successor of Messenger of Allah, and first of the Rightly Guided Caliphs – i.e. Rashidun and being the rightful successor to Holy Prophet (SAW).. Hazrat Umar ibn Khattab stated that ‘If the faith of Abu Bakr was weighed against the faith of the people of the earth, the faith of Abu Bakr would outweigh the others.’^[6]  famous scholar Imam Ahmad Ibn Hanbal also stated that he is among the foremost companions (sahaba) of Holy Prophet (SAW)

Reference

1.Al-zarkali, "al-a'alam", dar al'ilm lil'malayeen, 15th edition, may 2002

2.SIDIQ-I-AKBAR HAZRAT ABU BAKR by PROF. MASUD-UL-HASAN PAGE 2. Printed and published by A. SALAM, FEROZSONS Ltd, 60, Shahrah-e-Quaid-e-Azam, Lahore

3.Tabaqat ibn Sa'd 3/ 169, 174

4.Tarikh ar-Rusul wa al-Muluk 3/ 426

5.The Mohammedan Dynasties: Chronological and Genealogical Tables with Historical Introductions (1894) by Stanley Lane-Poole, published by Adamant Media Corporation ISBN 978-1-4021-6666-2

6.Narrated by al-Bayhaqi in ‘al-Jamia’ lashu’ab al-Eemaan’ (1:18) and its narrators are trustworthy.